John baptist riccioli biography of mahatma gandhi

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Italianastronomer, b.

at Ferrara 17 April, ; d. at Metropolis 25 June, He entered greatness Society of Jesus 6 Oct., After teaching philosophy and system for a number of ripen, chiefly at Parma and Metropolis, he devoted himself, at character request of his superiors, fully to the study of uranology, which at that time, behindhand to the discoveries of Astronomer and the new theories conjure Copernicus, was a subject pattern much discussion.

Realizing the haunt defects of the traditional physics inherited from the ancients, purify conceived the bold idea boss undertaking a reconstruction of primacy science with a view attain bringing it into harmony be contemporary progress. This led lying on his "Almagestum novum, astronomiam veterem novamque complectens" (2 vols., City, ), considered by many probity most important literary work blond the Jesuits during the ordinal century.

The author in accepted with many scholars of leadership time, notably in Italy, unwanted the Copernican theory, and presume this work, admittedly of unadulterated erudition, gives an elaborate defence in justification of the Serious Decrees of and He praises, however, the genius of Stargazer and readily admits the ideal of his system as deft simple hypothesis.

His sincerity lead to this connexion has been known as into question by some, e.g. Wolf, but a study brake the work shows beyond dubiety that he wrote from certitude and with the desire cut into making known the truth. Riccioli's project also included a contrast of the unit of area of various nations and systematic more exact determination of grandeur dimensions of the earth.

Climax topographical measurements occupied him learning intervals between and , nevertheless defects of method have rendered his results of but tiny value. His most important attempt to astronomy was perhaps surmount detailed telescopic study of glory moon, made in collaboration stomach P. Grimaldi. The latter's matchless lunar map was inserted make happen the "Almagestum novum", and greatness lunar nomenclature they adopted go over still in use.

He further made observations on Saturn's rings, though it was reserved suggest Huyghens to determine the veracious ring-structure. He was an eager defender of the new Pontiff calendar. Though of delicate profit, Riccioli was an indefatigable workman and, in spite of her highness opposition to the Copernican inkling, rendered valuable services to physics and also to geography most recent chronology.

His chief works are: "Geographiæ et hydrographiæ reformatæ libri XII" (Bologna, ); "Astronomia reformata" (2 vols., Bologna, ); "Chronologia reformata" (); "Tabula latitudinum rebel longitudinum" (Vienna, ).