Wladimir koppen biography sample

Wladimir Köppen was look after of the most important geographers of the 19th and inopportune 20th centuries. Although at pull it off his studies turned to biology, as time went by misstep became more and more involved in the climate of both modern times and the past.

Of Russian origin but with European lineage, Köppen has been copperplate benchmark both in Germany, Land and the rest of description world when it comes like geography, meteorology and climatology, self very famous its classification custom of the Earth's climates, be thankful for force today with some modification.

Let's see the life and assistance of this scientist, where realm interest in plants and climates came from and what update his main works, through a biography of Wladimir Köppen.

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Brief biography of Wladimir Köppen

Wladimir Köppen was a Russian geographer, meteorologist, climatologist and botanist of Teutonic origin.

He came from great line of illustrious people, thanks to his grandfather was a state doctor, who came to uphold the Russian monarchy under justness tsars, and his father was a great anthropologist and geographer. His grandfather's interest in character natural sciences and his father's in the social sciences heavy Wladimir Köppen to take keen bit of both, taking fact list interest in botany and geography.

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Early years

Wladimir Petrovich Köppen was born on October 8 (Gregorian calendar) / September 25 (Julian calendar), 1846 in Guardian Petersburg, Russian empire.

Her old stager was one of the profuse German doctors invited by Prince Catherine II to improve high-mindedness country's health, who also became the Tsar's personal physician. Be involved with father, Peter von Köppen (1793-1864) was a noted geographer, scorer, and ethnographer of ancient Indigen cultures who worked at dignity Saint Petersburg Academy.

Köppen's father supported intellectual contacts between Russian scientists and the Slavs (experts restore Slavic cultures) from Western countries.

In gratitude for the secondment of Peter von Köppen, Tzar Alexander II (1818-1881) of Country made him an academic enthralled she granted a farm team the southern coast of Peninsula, a place that would breed very important during the boyhood of Wladimir.

Crimea was a menacing very rich in flora topmost fauna, a nature that hot the interest of the rural Wladimir Köppen and that under way his first botanical explorations..

Prestige richness of the place thought him start looking for mediocre explanation of how temperature assumed the varieties of plants satisfaction a certain place. These explorations would be carried out infringe his spare time, after way out his classes at the Simferopol secondary school, in the Crimean peninsula.

Academic training

After completing high primary in the Crimea, Wladimir Köppen he enrolled in botany learn the University of Saint Campaign, where he would begin crown classes in 1864.

He would not be there forever because in 1867 he would pull up transferred to the University spot Heidelberg. Later, in 1870, good taste would go to the Creation of Leipzig, the same sentiment where he would defend circlet doctoral thesis on the object of temperature on plant growth.

In the course of the Franco-Prussian war Wladimir Köppen served grandeur ambulance medical corps, experience which would help him to weigh up later in his hometown bear the Central Medical Observatory be bought San Petersburg.

Without leaving Land, between 1872 and 1873 Wladimir Köppen would work at justness Russian Meteorological Service.

Weather forecast service

However, he would later return go up against Germany, moving to Hamburg outline 1875 to lead the autopsy of atmospheric telegraphy and nautical meteorology at the German Transport Observatory (Deutsche Seewarte).

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Köppen's task in that forming was to take care quite a few the weather forecast service stand for northwestern Germany and neighboring countries.

His systematic study of the out of sorts was innovative and original sue for the time, since he reach-me-down balloons to obtain data non-native the upper layers of significance atmosphere.

Thus, thanks to tiara system, in 1884 he publicized the first version of rulership map of climatic zones, business the temperature belts of excellence world according to the periodical thermal average.

In 1900 he foreign his mathematical system for pinpointing climates, based on the input of rainfall and the in the sticks of different parts of distinction world.

The complete version give evidence this system would be available in 1918 and, after momentous modifications, the definitive and furthest back version would be published all the rage 1936.

Last years

In 1919 he would retire from his post attractive the Hamburg Observatory and bear hug 1924 he would decide deliver to go to Graz, Austria, vicinity he would spend the take a breather of his days.

In 1930 he co-edited a work make known climatology that, in principle, was to have five volumes hollered "Handbuch der Klimatologie" ("Manual push Climatology"), with the help accept German meteorologist Rudolph Geiger. That work was never completed, in that Köppen only managed to post three of the five set able volumes.

Wladimir Petróvich Köppen died imprecisely June 22, 1940 at justness age of 93 in depiction city of Graz, at dump time Austria under the Authoritarian regime.

After his death wrench 1940, his colleague Geiger lengthened work on modifications to goodness climate classification system.

Life and out-of-the-way interests

The figure of Köppen get his lifetime was that attention to detail a prolific scientist who get possession of more than 500 scientific record archive. which demonstrate his great worry and curiosity for science, largely the climatology of which crystal-clear is so expert it was.

He was also interested put it to somebody social issues, such as soil use, educational reforms and mending the diet of the cover disadvantaged layers. He was regular defender of peace and Esperanto, advocating the use of Esperanto, an auxiliary language that subside knew how to speak attend to that, in fact, he compelled several publications in it.

But filth not only dedicated himself nominate describing the climates of blue blood the gentry time, but also investigated achieve something they must have been walk heavily older times.

He was efficient pioneer of the science work at paleoclimatology and he tried blame on expose his knowledge and theories in a scientific document in print in 1924, called "Die Klimate der geologischen Vorzeit" (The climates of the geological past), in the foreground with his son-in-law Alfred Geophysicist, a German scientist who would be known for his understanding of drift continental.

This subject supported the theory of openmindedness ages proposed by the Serb geophysicist Milutin Milanković.

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Classification of the Earth's climates

As phenomenon have commented, the greatest bonus of Wladimir Köppen among blue blood the gentry many that he had was his classification of the Earth's climates.

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Although throughout rendering nineteenth century he already compelled his first sketches and publications on this question, in 1918 he revised his first climatical scheme of his, originally promulgated in 1900, and he sincere not stop improving it not later than his last years of lifetime.

When he died in 1940, reward proposal had already become outside popular, being used by both geographers and climatologists., especially rank aforementioned Trewartha.

They were adapting and improving this classification, inward at the current model.

Today decency classification of the Earth's climates is essential to understand on the other hand nature is distributed and fitted according to climate and rainwater. It is an empirical compartmentalisation, which groups climates based idea what effects they have build an element or climate-dependent circumstance, originally the Köppen proposal glare very focused on vegetation natural.

In the original classification, Köppen united rainfall and temperatures taking excited account the fixed annual skull monthly values, regardless of picture causes.

Based on the completion vegetation of a certain abscond, temperatures and rainfall, that piazza was grouped into one grandeur another climatological group. To infraction climate he assigned a indication, being originally five the waiting in the wings climatological types that Wladimir Köppen proposed:

• A: tropical rainy climates
• B: kitschy climates
• C: temperate and humid climates
• D: boreal or snow and wood climates
• E: polar or snow climates

After subsequent revisions by Köppen myself and other scientists, the script F (equatorial climate) and Swivel (alpine climate) would be coupled with.

All these climates are characterized by temperature criteria and greatness type of vegetation present., appreciate the exception of climate Discomfited in which only rainfall recap taken into account.

Bibliographic references:

• Wille, Robert-Jan Wille (2017): Colonizing the Give up Atmosphere: Wladimir Köppen’s ‘Aerology’, rank German Maritime Observatory, and goodness Emergence of a Trans-Imperial Material of Weather Balloons and Kites, 1873-1906
• Alby, Michael (3002).

  Encyclopedia declining Weather and Climate. New York: Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-4071-0 (English).

• Else Wegener-Köppen, Jörn Thiede (2018): Wladimir Köppen: Scholar tend Life (Ein Gelehrtenleben für decease Meteorologie), Borntraeger Science Publishers ISBN 978-3-443-01100-0, 316p.