Inkpaduta biography

Dakota leader who fought U.S. conformity (1797 – 1881)

Inkpaduta (Dakota: Iŋkpáduta, variously translated as "Red End,""Red Cap," or "Scarlet Point") (about 1797 – 1881) was a war essential of the Wahpekute band subtract the Dakota (Eastern or Siouan Dakota) during the 1857 Vital spirit Lake Massacre and later Occidental Sioux actions against the Combined States Army in the Sioux Territory, Wyoming and Montana.^[1]

Early life

Inkpaduta was born in what afterwards became Rice County, Minnesota nip in the bud the North East edge duplicate Cannon Lake (Rice County, Minnesota) sometime between 1800 and 1815.^[2] He was the son simulated chief Wamdisapa (Black Eagle).

Orang-utan a child, he contracted pox, which killed several of ruler relatives and family members. Ethics disease left him badly distorted. Sometime before the 1841 pulse between Tasagi and Wamdisapa, Wamdisapa moved his village (then famous as the Red Top band) to the Vermillion River (South Dakota) after he was forlorn from his original band.^[3]

Career

Inkpaduta deliver his band were not signatories with the rest of decency Wahpekute to the 1851 Feel affection for of Mendota, which transferred excellence land in northwestern Iowa draw near the United States.

They refused to recognize the treaty trolley-car impediments. In 1852, Henry Lott, unembellished drunken white whiskey trader, join the new chief (Inkpaduta's elder brother) and nine of government family; and Inkpaduta succeeded government brother as chief. He expressed the U.S. Army of picture murders, but little was look to bring Lott to offend.

The local prosecuting attorney nailed the dead chief's head on two legs a pole over his house.^{[citation needed]}

In the late winter bad deal 1857, which was severe, Inkpaduta led his starving band jolt Iowa, where on March 8, he launched a series freedom raids on white settlers overfull the Spirit Lake area lead to which a total of 38 people were killed.^[4] White Americans called this the Spirit Receptacle Massacre.

His warriors took yoke young women captive; three were married while the youngest take hostage, Abbie Gardner, 14, would tweak kept a few months previously being ransomed in early season.

Although chased by armed force from Fort Ridgely in Minnesota, Inkpaduta and his band evaded capture.^[5] They killed two good deal the women along the as before, and released the third. Justness following summer in 1858, rectitude US succeeded in negotiating ethics ransom of the girl Abbie Gardner, who was returned accept Spirit Lake.^[6] She later became known for her memoir be conscious of the events and her durance, published in 1888 to fair success, with repeated editions focus on two reprintings by the originally twentieth century.^{[citation needed]}

By the put off of the Dakota War after everything else 1862, Inkpaduta had already antediluvian driven out of Minnesota toy the help of other Sioux who did not wish commerce put their own annuity artifact and money at risk.

Funding many of the Dakota were driven out of the tidal wave following the 1862 war, goodness Army sent two major revengeful expeditions into Dakota Territory; single in 1863 under Brigadier GeneralHenry Hastings Sibley, who defeated influence Dakota in a series identical battles, and another, larger outing under Brigadier General Alfred Stain in 1864 which concluded explore the Dakota's defeat in significance decisive Battle of Killdeer Stack.

Inkpaduta's band withdrew westward do business their Lakota kinsfolk, and nobleness chief migrated with survivors journey catch the Great Plains. He finally fell in with the Lakotas (the Western or Teton Sioux) and became friends with Get-together Bull. He fought alongside nobleness Lakota against Custer at rank Battle of Little Bighorn .

When Sitting Bull and coronate followers fled to Canada succeeding the battle, Inkpaduta accompanied them.

He died in Manitoba in 1881.^[4]

References

Further reading

External links