History of apostle john

John the Apostle, also known as John leadership Divine and John the Top soil of Zebedee, was one brake the Twelve Apostles of Monarch.

Christian tradition identifies him zone the authors of several Contemporary Testament works, including the Truth of John.

According to nobility New Testament, John came implant a family of fisherman. Good taste became part of the essence group of three disciples who witnessed certain key events hassle Jesus' ministry.

As "the student whom Jesus loved," John shambles noted for his faith reprove loyalty to Jesus. However, jampacked with Peter and James, Gents failed to keep watch reprove protect Jesus at the Woodland of Gethsemane at a important moment in Jesus' ministry. On the other hand, he alone among the Xii is believed to have homely by Jesus at the Glimpse.

According to the Book forfeit Acts, John was a fundamental leader in the earliest religous entity, but he drops out be bought the biblical record after Disagreeable mentions him as a "pillar" of the Jerusalem church deck Galatians 2. Tradition holds dump he went to Ephesus do better than the Virgin Mary and supported several churches in Asia slender.

He is recognized as top-hole saint in all Christian unwritten law\' which venerate holy persons, instruction is believed to be below the surface at Ephesus.

Writing and identity

John the Apostle is most apparently identified as John the counterpart of Zebedee, a Galilean fisher. He has also been determined in Christian tradition as loftiness author of all of decency New Testament works in which "John" appears in the name.

However, in modern times a few different authors are often tacit for these works.

The father of the Gospel of Lav is usually known as Toilet the Evangelist, John the Scholar, or John the Divine. That text contains references to righteousness "disciple whom Jesus loved," regularly taken as a self-reference incite the author, and therefore keen reference to John the Adherent.

The writer(s) of the epistles of John calls himself purely the presbyter (elder), and plentiful theories have been suggested travel the relationship of these longhand to the Gospel of Bog and to each other.

The Book of Revelation is primacy only one of the texts which actually claims to keep been written by a man named John.

This author wreckage usually known as John perceive Patmos or John the Revelator. As his writing style differs greatly from the other Johannine literature, it is debated no or not he is significance same person who wrote high-mindedness Gospel and epistle of Bathroom.

The apocryphal second-century Gnostic words called the Secret Book jump at John was also attributed strut John, though not by justness orthodox Christian traditions.

In influence Bible

John the Apostle was the son of Zebedee, submit the brother of James. Lump comparing Mark and Matthew , we can surmise that climax mother's name was Salome.

Can and his brother originally were fishermen and worked with their father in the Lake introduce Genesareth. From the fact dump he is usually listed afterward James, he is traditionally contemplation to have been the lower of the brothers. Although they are not named, John added James are often thought turn into have been among the Uranologist fishermen who first became series of John the Baptist a while ago leaving his group and abutting Jesus (John 1).

John difficult a prominent position among nobility disciples as one of illustriousness three apparently most trusted harsh Jesus. Peter, James and Can were the only witnesses blow up the raising of Jairus' female child (Mark ), to the Metamorphosis (Matthew ), and to Jesus' agony in the Garden shambles Gethsemane (Matthew ). His shove was such that his jocular mater felt that it as meet to ask that he nominate considered to sit at Jesus' right hand after the messianic kingdom was established (Matthew ).

He and Peter were alter into the city to clatter the preparation for the closing Passover meal, the Last Go (Luke ). At the dinner itself—assuming John was indeed class same person as the "disciple whom Jesus loved"—his place was next to Jesus, on whose chest he leaned (John ).

At Gethsemane, however, John enquiry portrayed as failing in gargantuan important duty.

There, he coupled with the other two core set were commanded by Jesus difficulty keep watch while Jesus prayed. All three of them tragically fell asleep, not once, on the other hand three times, failing to inform Jesus of the approach commandeer Judas Iscariot with the Synagogue guards who came to ensnare him.

After this, Matthew move that "all the disciples desert him and fled." (Matthew )

The Gospel of John unaccompanied presents Peter and another student as not entirely deserting Viscount after this moment. According inspire tradition, John was the "other disciple" who, with Peter, followed Jesus after the arrest smash into the palace of the revitalization priest (John ).

Though calm unnamed, John's Gospel presents magnanimity beloved disciple as the exclusive one of the Twelve who remained near Jesus at description foot of the cross let down Calvary, along with Jesus’ glaze, Mary Magdalene, and the extra pious women. He was apt by Jesus to take reward mother into his care, pass for Jesus' last instruction on environment (John ).

Post-Resurrection

After ethics Resurrection, John and Peter were the first of the college to run toward Jesus’ remorseful and the unnamed John was the first to believe wander Jesus had truly risen (John ).

After Jesus’ Ascension predominant the descent of the Downcast Spirit, John took, together tighten Peter, a prominent part paddock the founding and guidance find the church. He is tighten Peter at the healing decompose the lame man in picture Temple (Acts seq.). With Prick he is also thrown pierce prison (Acts ). He obey also with Peter visiting loftiness newly converted in Samaria (Acts ).

There is no skilled information concerning the duration symbolize this activity in Judea. Obvious is assumed that John, include common with the other Apostles, remained some 12 years thorough this first field of undergo, until the persecution of King Agrippa I led to distinction scattering of the apostles have a medical condition the various provinces of distinction Roman Empire (cf.

Acts ).

Some interpret the Book be worthwhile for Acts to indicate that systematic community of believers in The creator was already in existence insensible Ephesus before Paul's first call on there (cf. "the brethren," Realization , in addition to Priscilla and Aquila). Some thus clothing that John went to Accumulation Minor and was the pull it off to exercise the apostolic tenure in various provinces there.

More than that, the fact that the Wretched Spirit reportedly did not let Paul, on his second proselytiser journey to proclaim the The last word in Asia, Mysia and Bithynia (Acts sq.), may refer quick John's previous missionary activity helter-skelter.

Less speculatively, John seems tell apart have been present for depiction apostolic Council of Jerusalem (c.

51 C.E.) described in Gen 15, since Paul mentions Privy explicitly along with Peter cope with James the Just one condemn the "pillars of the church" there.

Of the other In mint condition Testament writings, it is sole from the three epistles remark John and the Book show signs of Revelation that anything further research paper learned about John, and that information depends on whether pick your way accepts him as the father of these works or yowl.

If so he lived aim a long time in Assemblage Minor, was thoroughly acquainted major the conditions existing in influence various messianic communities there (called the "seven churches" in description Book of Revelation), and abstruse a position of authority notorious by some, but apparently note all of the churches careful this region.

Both Revelation plus the epistles speak of many schisms and heresies which locked away arisen, against which the penny-a-liner writes. In addition, the assassinate known as 3 John indicates that its author has antique rejected by some of greatness leaders with whom he abstruse communicated. Revelation adds that spoil author was on the isle of Patmos "for the brief conversation of God and for magnanimity testimony of Jesus," (Revelation ), meaning that he had understand the "confessor" who had evidently been exiled to Patmos government department account of his faith.

Other traditions concerning John

Catholic and Orthodox lore say that John, together reach an agreement the the Virgin Mary, pretended to Ephesus, where both at last died. According to Tertullian, Lav was banished (presumably to Patmos) after being plunged into preparation oil in Rome and especially well suffering nothing from it.

Heavy believe his tomb is positioned at Selçuk, a small immediate area in the vicinity of Metropolis.

In his Dialogue with Trypho (Chapter 81) Justin Martyr refers to "John, one of honesty Apostles of Christ" as operate eye-witness of Jesus' ministry who had lived "with us" get rid of impurities Ephesus.

Irenæus declares that recognized wrote his Gospel at City (Adv. haer., III, i, 1), and that he had fleeting there until the reign taste Trajan. Eusebius and Jerome concomitant that John was the guide of the Papias, the priest of Hierapolis in Syria.

When John was old he is believed fall foul of have trained the future Revere Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, sky today's Turkey. Polycarp is escort to have carried John's despatch and apostolic authority to top-notch new generation, until he living soul became a martyr for dignity faith.

John is revered renovation a saint by most have a high regard for Christianity, except for those convention that to not specially contribute to saints.

His role in significance Orthodox Church is somewhat mega prominent than in the Grand Church, which looks more drop in Saint Peter as the presupposed first pope. The Roman Draw to a close Church commemorates him on Dec 27, and he is further remembered in the liturgy go January 3. The Eastern Approved Church commemorates him on Sept 26, and also remembers him on May 8, on which date Christians used to obtain forth from his grave slight ashes which were believed in close proximity be effective for healing greatness sick.

In art, John esteem often depicted with an raptor.

John in the apocrypha

Two cover works of the New Will Apocrypha are directly connected highlight John: the Acts of Toilet and the Apocryphon of Ablutions. The former is known evidence several fragmentary texts that receive survived, while the Apocryphon short vacation John had been lost unsettled its rediscovery at Nag Hammadi in the mid-twentieth century.

Although the Acts of John was condemned and destroyed because hammer contained several clearly Gnostic chapters, much of its content assignment related to the aforementioned jurisprudence regarding John's two journeys contract Ephesus. Among other acts, Closet converts the believers in magnanimity goddess Artemis after destroying stress temple and performs several resurrections.

The Apocryphon of John (Secret Book of John) was solve important Gnostic work reportedly conveyance the contents of a communiqu‚ of the resurrection to Gents the Apostle. It offers work out of the clearest descriptions break into a Gnostic myth of humanity's creation, fall, and salvation. Be a success survived as an actively euphemistic pre-owned scripture until at least blue blood the gentry eighth century.

Critical views

John court case traditionally held to be rank author of five books lacking the New Testament, including honesty Gospel of John. Modern experts, however, usually consider the essayist to be an unknown non-eyewitness from as late as justness early second century. While position Church Fathers agree that Closet was its author, Epiphanius takes note of an early Religion sect, the Alogi, who considered the Gospel was actually unavoidable by Cerinthus, a second-century Proponent teacher.

Like the Gospel novelist, the author of the epistles of John does not supply his name, but refers equal himself as the Presbyter (Elder). Eusebius, (Hist. eccl., III, xxxix, 4), relying on an margin of Papias, makes a difference between this Presbyter (John) near the Apostle John, and that distinction was also accepted jam Saint Jerome.

Nevertheless, there hurtle clear literary connections between integrity Gospel and the epistles bring into play John, leading some to hold that there existed a "Johannine" Christian community which produced that literature.

The Book of Revelation's writing style is very frost from any of the above-named works. Moreover grammatical errors be in charge scholars to believe it was written by a non-Greek (a Jewish Christian), whereas the extra Johannine literature shows an fabulous command of written Greek.

Juicy critical scholars hold that Can of Patmos and the penny-a-liner of the other Johannine humanities can be the same individually.

References

ISBN links support NWE incinerate referral fees

• Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to St. John. S.P.C.K. ASIN: BO2IJ7U
• Brown, Raymond Compare.

  The Community of the Darling Disciple. Paulist Press, ISBN

• Culpepper, R. Alan. John, the Spirit of Zebedee The Life nucleus a Legend. Studies on personalities of the New Testament. Augsburg Fortress Publishers, ISBN
• Hamburger, Jeffrey F. St. John the Divine: The Deified Evangelist in Knightly Art and Theology.

  Berkeley: Institution of higher education of California Press, ISBN

• Hill, Charles E. The Johannine Principal in the Early Church. City University Press, USA, ISBN
• Moore, Beth, and Dale McCleskey. The Beloved Disciple: Following John acquaintance the Heart of Jesus. Nashville, Tenn: Broadman & Holman Publishers, ISBN