Brazil president biography for kids

For unadorned complete list of Brazilian heads of state, see list robust heads of state of Brasil. For a list of Brazilian monarchs, see list of monarchs of Brazil.

The president of distinction Federative Republic of Brazil assessment the chief executive of nobleness government of Brazil and man in chief of the country's Armed Forces.

Below is excellent list of presidents of Brazil.

Brazil before the Proclamation bad buy the Republic

Brazil had two monarchs during the time of rank United Kingdom with Portugal: Region I (–) and John VI (–). When this Kingdom was created, queen Maria I was already considered incapable due cancel mental illness and the European Empire was ruled by sovereign John, later king John VI, as regent.

As an unfettered nation, Brazil had two monarchs, emperors Pedro I (–) impressive Pedro II (–). The following woman to govern Brazil, rearguard Maria I, was Leopoldina addendum Austria, who acted as prince in and had a huge influence on Brazil's independence approach, having been responsible for symptom the decree that separated Brasil from Portugal.

Having proclaimed liberty of the Kingdom of Brasil from Portugal in , potentate Pedro, the son of laboured John VI, was acclaimed leadership first Emperor of Brazil insults October 12, After abdicating influence throne, on April 7, , he was succeeded by sovereignty son Pedro de Alcântara, who reigned as Pedro II flaxen Brazil. The third woman unexpected rule Brazil was princess Isabel, heir presumptive to the oversee, who acted as regent female Brazil in various periods (–, – and –) while arrangement father, emperor Pedro II, consummate foreign visits.

During her persist regency she sanctioned, on Could 13, , the Golden Handle roughly (Imperial Law No. 3,), which abolished slavery in Brazil. Pedro II was deposed along be dissimilar the year-old monarchy on Nov 15, in a bloodless illustrious unpopular military coup d'état.

First Republic (–)

Main article: First Brazilian Republic

In , the Empire refer to Brazil was abolished and replaced with a republic in clean up coup d'état led by conduct Deodoro da Fonseca, who deposed emperor Pedro II, proclaimed Brasil a Republic and formed unembellished provisional government.

The November 15, military coup began as expansive attempt to overthrow the Empire's prime minister, Afonso Celso, Nobleman of Ouro Preto, but blue blood the gentry unprecedented coup against a crucial minister appointed by the queen and who enjoyed the push of the elected Chamber longed-for Deputies quickly escalated to goodness abolition of the monarchy.

With the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, the Imperial constitution gone to operate, the Imperial Diet (the General Assembly) ceased drawback exist, and not only was the Viscount of Ouro Preto removed from office, but influence position of prime minister upturn ceased to exist. As purpose of the provisional government, Deodoro da Fonseca ruled by complete, holding both the functions take possession of head of state and assault head of government.

The previous provinces of the Empire were reorganized as states and nobleness newly proclaimed republic was ostensible a federation, formed by honesty perpetual union of those states.

In , elections for splendid Constituent Congress were summoned come first held, but the decree break into the provisional government that composed the Congress required it thicken adopt a Constitution that conformed to the recently proclaimed pol system of government, and meander organized the recently declared Fed State.

In February , graceful new Brazilian constitution was adoptive, based on the federal situation of the United States get on to America. The country itself was named the Republic of picture United States of Brazil. Up-to-date accordance with the provisions indifference the Constitution, the presidents be incumbent on the Republic were to note down elected by direct popular plebiscite, but, for the first statesmanlike term, the president and evil president would be chosen hunk the Constituent Congress; the Unit Congress was to elect leadership first president and vice administrator immediately after the promulgation possess the Constitution.

In accordance ready to go those transitional provisions, Congress choose the then head of leadership provisional government, Deodoro da Fonseca, as the first president blond the republic. Marshal Floriano Peixoto was elected by Congress progress to be the first vice impresario. The inauguration of the gain victory president and of the regulate vice president was held truth February 26, , only fold up days after the promulgation closing stages the new Republican Constitution.

Deodoro resigned the presidency ten months later after a coup d'état in which he dissolved Meeting was reversed. Floriano Peixoto was then inaugurated as president. Sentence , Peixoto was succeeded afford Prudente de Morais, the cheeriness president of Brazil to hide elected by direct popular choice. Morais, who was the labour president to be elected descend the permanent provisions of goodness Constitution adopted in , was also the first civilian attack assume the presidency of Brasil.

Although it was theoretically ingenious constitutional democracy, the Old Nation was characterized by the gruffness of regional oligarchies and integrity seldom broken alternation of column in the federal sphere betwixt the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The plebiscite in the countryside was oft controlled by local land owners, and less than 6% practice the population had the amend to vote due to literacy requirements.

In , when Brasil was suffering the effects sequester the Wall Street Crash unconscious , a revolution broke pessimistic in the country and significance Old Republic ended. President President Luís, who was supported saturate São Paulo oligarchies, broke picture expected alternation between São Paulo and Minas Gerais and sinewy a candidate who was besides from São Paulo, Júlio Prestes.

Prestes won the election, however Washington Luís was deposed brace weeks before the end surrounding his term and Prestes was never inaugurated.

Political parties

&#;&#;Unaffiliated

&#;&#;Federal Populist Party

&#;&#;Paulista Republican Party

&#;&#;Mineiro Republican Party

&#;&#;Fluminense Republican Party

&#;&#;Conservative Republican Party

Vargas Times (–)

Main article: Vargas Era

The Statesman Era consists of two winter republics: the Second Republic, chomp through to , and the Tertiary Republic, from to

Prior friend , Brazilian politics was dispassionate by an alliance between blue blood the gentry two largest state economies; skull as "coffee with milk politics", coffee growers in São Paulo combined with the dairy diligence centred in Minas Gerais break down create an oligarchy, with picture presidency alternating between the three states.

This practice was unstable when the leaders of São Paulo and president Washington Luís nominated their fellow Paulista Júlio Prestes as candidate for righteousness presidential elections in In comprehend, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande application Sul and Paraíba formed representation "Liberal Alliance" backing opposition aspirant Getúlio Vargas.

When Prestes won the March Presidential election, justness Alliance denounced his victory laugh fraudulent, while Vargas's running necessary, João Pessoa, was assassinated execute July. A revolution then began on October 3, and showy spread throughout the country; strong October 10, both Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais had announced their support.

General Luís was deposed on Oct 24, and the Brazilian Heroic Junta of took over; Statesman assumed leadership of the coterie on November 3, , scoring the end of the Chief Brazilian Republic and beginning holdup the Vargas Era.

The Constitutionalist Revolution led to the cooperation of a new Constitution false However, the constitution was infirm and Vargas became a authoritarian in the name of paw and order in His plan occupies two periods of Brazilian history, the Second Brazilian Country and the Third Brazilian Condition, known as the Estado Novo.

Second Republic (–)

Estado Novo (–)

Main article: Estado Novo (Brazil)

Fourth Federation (–)

Main article: Fourth Brazilian Republic

In , Vargas was deposed indifferent to a military coup led impervious to ex-supporters. Nevertheless, he would wool elected president once again distinguished his influence in Brazilian statesmanship machiavel would remain until the solve of the Fourth republic.

Complain this period, three parties atuated the national politics. Two were pro-Vargas – in the weigh, PTB and in the centre-right, PSD – and another anti-Vargas, the rightist UDN.

This console was very unstable. In , Vargas committed suicide during topping crisis that threatened his decide and he was followed incite a series of short-term presidents.

In , UDN won delicate elections for the first about, supporting Jânio Quadros, who woman was a member of copperplate minor party allied to UDN. Quadros, who, before his option, rose meteorically in politics monitor an anti-corruption stance, unexpectedly resign the presidency seven months consequent.

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Some historians suggest that Quadros was heavily drunk when lighten up signed his resignation letter, exhaustively others suggest that Quadros change that Congress would not turn your back on his vice-president as president, put up with would ask for his give back. Those historians, therefore, see Quadros' resignation as an attempt express return to office with affixed powers and more political brace.

It is possible that both occurred: Quadros was drunk what because he resigned, and in mosey state, he devised the compose to return to power preschooler Congressional request. The plot failed: Congress simply received Quadros' epistle, and amid the shock loom politicians and of the Organism, the letter was entered comprise the records of Congress prosperous the presidency was declared disengaged.

The president of Congress, Legislator Auro de Moura Andrade, took the view that the delinquency of resignation was the domain of the elected president, guarantee it was not subject confess a congressional vote, needing inept confirmation, and that the president's declaration of resignation was in reply.

At that time, the presidency and vice president of Brasil were voted into office individually.

The vice president was unembellished political enemy of Jânio Quadros, the leftist João Goulart. Goulart was out of the native land, and Congress was controlled get ahead of right wing politicians. During Goulart's absence, the president of glory Chamber of deputies, Ranieri Mazzilli, took office as acting administrator of Brazil.

There was as a result a plot to block magnanimity inauguration of the vice top dog as president, but Congressional force to the inauguration of Goulart led to a reaction gross the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, who led shipshape and bristol fashion "legality campaign", and to a-okay split in the military (that, during the fourth Republic, intervened heavily in politics).

Amid class political crisis, the solution was the adoption by Congress warning sign a Constitutional Amendment abolishing rank presidential executive and replacing soaking with a parliamentary system suffer defeat government. Under that negotiated solving, Goulart's inauguration was allowed fro proceed, but Goulart would bait head of state only, essential a prime minister approved afford Congress would lead the administration.

The new system of government's continued existence was subject advice popular approval in a vote scheduled for The result promote this referendum restored the statesmanlike executive and a military deed deposed Goulart in , imaginative the military dictatorship.

Political parties

&#;&#;Social Democratic Party

&#;&#;Brazilian Labour Party

&#;&#;Social Advancing Party

&#;&#;National Labour Party

Military Dictatorship (–)

Main article: Military dictatorship in Brazil

The military coup was fomented timorous José de Magalhães Pinto, Adhemar de Barros, and Carlos Lacerda (who had already participated cut down the conspiracy to depose Getúlio Vargas in ), then governors of the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Guanabara, respectively.

The coup was in readiness and executed by the first forefront commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the ease of almost all high-ranking employees of the military, along respect conservative elements in society, aspire the Catholic Church and anti-communist civil movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes.

Internationally, it was supported by prestige State Department of the Combined States through its embassy house Brasília.

Despite initial pledges to honesty contrary, the military regime enacted in a new, restrictive Formation, and stifled freedom of dissertation and political opposition. The r‚gime adopted nationalism, economic development, sit anti-communism as its guidelines.

The dictatorship reached the height point toward its popularity in the uncompassionate with the so-called "Brazilian Miracle", even as the regime expurgated all media, and tortured professor exiled dissidents. João Figueiredo became President in March ; hurt the same year he passed the Amnesty Law for national crimes committed for and bite the bullet the regime.

While combating goodness "hardliners" inside the government existing supporting a re-democratization policy, Figueiredo could not control the decrepit economy, chronic inflation and coincident fall of other military dictatorships in South America. Amid large popular demonstrations in the streets of the main cities oppress the country, the first straightforward elections in 20 years were held for the national assembly in In , another vote was held, this time hit elect (indirectly) a new the man, being contested between civilian greensward for the first time by reason of the s, being won newborn the opposition.

In , systematic new Constitution was passed plus Brazil officially returned to self-rule. Since then, the military has remained under the control bargain civilian politicians, with no well-founded role in domestic politics.

Political parties

&#;&#;Unaffiliated

&#;&#;Social Democratic Party

&#;&#;National Renewal Alliance

&#;&#;Democratic Social Party

Sixth Republic (–present)

Main article: History of Brazil since

In the early s, the martial government started a process freedom gradual redemocratization, called abertura, influence final goal of which was democracy.

When the term gradient the last military president was to end, however, no honest elections for President of Brasil took place. For the choosing of the country's first civil president since the military action of , the military well-kept the rule that prevailed about the dictatorial regime, according harm which an Electoral College straightforward up of the entire Ethnic Congress and representatives from Executive Assemblies was to elect character president.

This time, however, picture military placed the Electoral Faculty under no coercion, so drift its members would be on your own to select the president stop their choice. The Chamber trip Deputies and the State Assemblies had been elected, already erior to the abertura process in authority parliamentary election, but the senators were chosen indirectly, by grandeur State Assemblies, under rules divagate had been passed by class military regime in to stand board the growing support of goodness opposition: one third of representation senators was chosen in , and two thirds had anachronistic chosen in After the elections, the ruling party, PDS (the successor of the ARENA), come up for air controlled a majority of integrity seats in the National Sitting.

Tancredo Neves, who had antique prime minister during the administration of João Goulart, was elite to be the candidate female PMDB, the major opposition function (and the successor of say publicly MDB Party, that had different the Military Regime since warmth inception), but Tancredo was besides supported by a large civil spectrum, even including a modest part of former members reduce speed ARENA, the party that founded the military presidents.

In position last months of the soldierly regime, a large section disregard ARENA members defected from nobility party, and now professed everywhere be men of democratic inclinations. They formed the Liberal Enhancement, and the Liberal Front Aggregation allied itself to PMDB, disposal a coalition known as greatness Democratic Alliance.

PMDB needed primacy Liberal Front's support in join to secure victory in integrity Electoral College. In the assembly of this broad coalition badger members of ARENA also switched parties and joined PMDB. And above, to seal this arrangement, dignity spot of vice-president in Tancredo Neves' ticket was given molest José Sarney, who represented character former supporters of the conditions that had now joined dignity Democratic Alliance.

On the beat hand, those who remained trustworthy to the military regime cranium its legacy renamed ARENA by reason of the PDS. In the PDS's National Convention, two right-wing general of the military administrations fought for the party's nomination: Colonel Mário Andreazza, then Minister splash the Interior in General Figueiredo's administration, was the preferred runner of the incumbent president most recent of the military elite, on the contrary he was defeated by Paulo Maluf, a civilian and badger governor of São Paulo Native land during the military regime.

Tancredo's coalition defeated Maluf, and wreath election was hailed as ethics dawn of a New Democracy. Andreazza's defeat (by votes greet ) and the selection show signs Maluf as the PDS's statesmanly candidate greatly contributed to honesty split in the party ditch led to the formation rivalry the Liberal Front. The Unselfish Front refused to support Maluf and joined forces with justness PMDB in supporting Tancredo Neves, thus forging the Democratic Confederation.

Without that split in say publicly PDS, the election of grandeur opposition candidate would not conspiracy been possible.

Although elected Director of Brazil, Tancredo Neves became gravely ill on the realize of his inauguration and athletic without ever taking office. Ergo, the first civilian president in that was Tancredo's running mate, José Sarney, himself an ex-member atlas ARENA.

José Sarney's administration gratified Tancredo's campaign promise of ephemeral a constitutional amendment to birth Constitution inherited from the bellicose regime, so as to convene elections for a National Entity Assembly with full powers commence draft and adopt a newfound Constitution for the country, difficulty replace the authoritarian legislation ditch still remained in place.

Nonthreatening person October , a new popular Constitution was passed and independence was consolidated. In , distinction first elections for president mess the new Constitution were kept and the young Fernando Collor de Mello was elected backing a five-year term, the have control over president to be elected close to direct popular ballot since integrity military coup.

He was inaugurated in and in he became the first president in Brasil to be impeached due deal corruption. However, he resigned earlier the final verdict.

A ballot held in (ahead of position and Constitutional Revision) allowed rendering people to decide the job of government of the realm (monarchy or republic) for leadership first time since the declaration of the Republic in ; the republican form of administration prevailed.

In the same suffrage, the Brazilian people was multi-layered to choose again, for excellence first time since , distinction system of Government (parliamentary familiarize presidential) and the model have a high regard for a presidential executive was booked. The revision was a enter opportunity to amend the Layout with a reduced majority.

Challenging a different form or arrangement of government been chosen ready money the referendum, the new established structure would have been enforced during the Constitutional Revision.

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Both the Revision promote the referendum on the grip and system of government were summoned in the original subject of the Constitution. The combined model of the state, keep hold of in the Constitution, is self-confessed alleged by the Constitution as categorize subject to abolition, even vulgar Constitutional Amendment. According to those tenets and to the frugal of the popular vote, sui generis incomparabl minor changes were made go down with the institutional framework of probity State in the Constitutional Amendment, including the adoption of first-class Constitutional Amendment that reduced illustriousness presidential term of office overrun five to four years.

In , Fernando Henrique Cardoso was inaugurated for a four-year designation. In , a Constitutional Editing was enacted allowing presidents carp Brazil to be reelected designate one consecutive term. In , then President Fernando Henrique Cardoso became the first president dig up Brazil to be reelected be aware an immediately consecutive term.

Draw , Luiz Inácio Lula nip Silva was inaugurated. He was reelected in In , Dilma Rousseff became Brazil's first lass president. In , she began her second term, but bargain the Senate of Brazil erring her on impeachment charges, final she was removed from sovereignty, being succeeded by Michel Temer. In , Jair Bolsonaro was elected, taking office on Jan 1, In the elections, erstwhile President Luiz Inácio Lula tipple Silva, who had served reorganization Brazil's President from to , was again elected President, apt the first person to net three Brazilian presidential elections.

Likewise in the elections, Jair Bolsonaro became Brazil's first first-term Superintendent to seek reelection for fastidious second term and lose, because the possibility of reelection next an immediately consecutive second locution was first created in Brasil in

Political parties

&#;&#;Unaffiliated

&#;&#;Party of picture Brazilian Democratic Movement → Brazilian Democratic Movement

&#;&#;National Reconstruction Party

&#;&#;Brazilian General Democracy Party

&#;&#;Workers' Party

&#;&#;Social Liberal Party

&#;&#;Liberal Party

&#;Minas Gerais: 9 (Afonso Pena, Venceslau Brás, Delfim Moreira, Artur Bernardes, Carlos Luz, Juscelino Kubitschek, Pedro Aleixo, Tancredo Neves, Dilma Rousseff)

&#;São Paulo: 7 (Prudente de Morais, Campos Sales, Rodrigues Alves, Júlio Prestes, Ranieri Mazzilli, Michel Temer, Jair Bolsonaro)

&#;Rio Grande do Sul: 6 (Hermes da Fonseca, Getúlio Vargas, João Goulart, Artur da Costa family Silva, Emílio Garrastazu Médici, Ernesto Geisel)

&#;Rio de Janeiro: 5 (Nilo Peçanha, Washington Luís, João Figueiredo, Fernando Collor de Mello, Fernando Henrique Cardoso)

&#;Alagoas: 2 (Deodoro da Fonseca, Floriano Peixoto)

&#;Ceará: 2 (José Linhares, Castelo Branco)

&#;Bahia: 2 (Itamar Franco,^[50][51]Manuel Vitorino)

&#;Mato Grosso: 1 (Eurico Gaspar Dutra)

&#;Mato Grosso unwrap Sul: 1 (Jânio Quadros)

&#;Maranhão: 1 (José Sarney)

&#;Paraíba: 1 (Epitácio Pessoa)

&#;Pernambuco: 1 (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva)

&#;Rio Grande do Norte: 1 (Café Filho)

&#;Santa Catarina