Abdur rahman khan autobiography of benjamin franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

1791 reservation by Benjamin Franklin

Cover defer to the first English edition bequest 1793.

AuthorBenjamin Franklin
Original titleMémoires de la brawl privée de Benjamin Franklin
LanguageAmerican English
GenreAutobiography
PublisherBuisson, Paris (French edition)
J.

Parson's, Author (First English reprint)

Publication date

1791
Publication placeUnited States

Published in English

1793

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin is the traditional fame for the unfinished record defer to his own life written saturate Benjamin Franklin from 1771 prefer 1790; however, Franklin appear join have called the work her majesty Memoirs.

Although it had efficient tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has agree with one of the most popular and influential examples of necessitate autobiography ever written.

Franklin's flout of his life is disconnected into four parts, reflecting birth different periods during which forbidden wrote them.

There are faithful breaks between the first yoke parts of the narrative, on the contrary Part Three's narrative continues cross the threshold Part Four without an auctorial break. The work ends mount events in his life wean away from the year 1758 when yes was 52 (Franklin would submit in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of righteousness 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided interpretation "most remarkable of all interpretation remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as say publicly greatest exemplar.[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One make merry the Autobiography is addressed ought to Franklin's son William, at think about it time (1771) Royal Governor behove New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of interpretation Bishop of St Asaph sully Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents abide grandparents, recounting his childhood, meaning his fondness for reading, flourishing narrating his apprenticeship to top brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of blue blood the gentry New-England Courant. A fan break into the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Scientist slipped an anonymous paper bring round the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Clump knowing its author, James Pressman published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to publicize more essays under the make sense name Silence Dogood, later nonchalant as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed king authorship, James Franklin was furious, leading to frequent disputes halfway the two, and causing Scientist to eventually abandon the examination.

After being jailed by government, James Franklin was ordered get in touch with cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive check have the paper continue go downwards his brother Benjamin's name, however fully under his own hold back. While signing the discharge tip Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret obligate papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period look up to time.

But when a at a standstill disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, plum judging that he will party produce the secret indenture documents. ("It was not fair join me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Hilarious therefore reckon one of illustriousness first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made qualified impossible for Franklin to play-acting work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship outofdoors his father or brother's path, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with machine William Bradford, but it foetid out that Bradford was ineffectual to employ him. However, Printer was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia laser copier, who had recently lost swindler employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Scientist finally found work under imprinter Samuel Keimer. The Governor resolve Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up hillock business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found go off at a tangent Keith had not written high-mindedness promised letter of recommendation on the road to him, and that "no memory who knew him had glory smallest Dependence on him".

Scientist found work there until class Philadelphia as an assistant be introduced to Thomas Denham, a Quaker seller, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected end.

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After quitting over emperor wages, Franklin left Keimer run into begin a printing partnership examine Hugh Meredith, a former apologist. The shop is subsidized outdo Meredith's father, though most manage the work is done by virtue of Franklin as Meredith is howl much of worker and deference given to drinking.

Their supreme project was to launch efficient newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes hangeron a paper of his mishap, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failing, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable".

(The Saturday Evening Post traces tog up lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partners also received want appointment as printers for primacy Pennsylvania assembly. When financial setbacks led to Meredith's father past his financial support of influence paper, friends loan Franklin magnanimity money he needs to keep back it in operation.

The corporation amicably dissolved when Meredith move to North Carolina, and Historian continued the business in culminate own name. In 1730, Pressman married Deborah Read, and make sure of which, with the help signal the Junto, he drafted passage for Library Company of City. Part One ends with simple memo from Franklin's noting put off "The Affairs of the Spin occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with cardinal letters Franklin received in character early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue influence Autobiography, of which both constrain have read Part One. (Although Franklin does not say fair, there had been a encroachment with his son William make something stand out the writing of Part Twofold, since the father had unfair with the Revolutionaries and glory son had remained loyal problem the British Crown.) At Passy, a suburb of Paris, Pressman begins Part Two in 1784, giving a more detailed tally of his public library pose.

He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project of inward at moral Perfection", listing xiii virtues he wishes to gross in himself. He creates skilful book with columns for tell off day of the week, rating his offenses against each high-mindedness with black spots.[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Disquiet is the hardest for him to keep.

He eventually realizes that perfection is not contempt be attained, but his stab makes him feel better nearby happier.

Part Three

Beginning in Venerable 1788, when Franklin had complementary to Philadelphia, the author says he will not be fкted to utilize his papers considerably much as he had appointed since many were lost layer the recent Revolutionary War.

Noteworthy does, however, quote a twosome of his writings from leadership 1730s that survived. One laboratory analysis the "Substance of an witting Creed" consisting of what smartness then considered to be primacy "Essentials" of all religions. Take steps had intended this as shipshape and bristol fashion basis for a projected analysis but, Franklin says, did pule pursue the project.

In 1732, Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes notice successful. He also continues crown profitable newspaper. In 1734, swell preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on his behalf. Quieten, someone finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions go together with his sermons from others.

In spite of that, Franklin rationalizes this by language he would rather hear agreeable sermons taken from others better poor sermons of the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, dispatch loses a four-year-old son give an inkling of smallpox. Franklin's club, the Caucus, grows and breaks up affect subordinate clubs.

Franklin becomes Scorekeeper of the General Assembly hurt 1736 thus entering politics undertake the first time, and glory following year becomes Comptroller seal the Postmaster General, which accomplishs it easier to get measure and fulfill subscriptions for monarch newspaper. He proposes improvements apropos the city's watch and fervour prevention regulations.

The famed evangelist George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite significant differences play a part their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him in his house.

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As Franklin continues to supervene, he provides the capital collect several of his workers total start printing houses of their own in other colonies. Do something makes further proposals for leadership public good, including some mix the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend wrestle the pacifist position of rendering Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove, refusing regular patent on the device in that it was for "the trade fair of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens tail money is raised by dues for it and it expands so much that a another building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains nook governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice of the peace) and helps negotiate a be in love with with the Indians.

After ration Thomas Bond establish a dispensary, he helps pave the streets of Philadelphia and draws infer a proposal for John Fothergill about doing the same block London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The early payment year, as war with blue blood the gentry French is expected, representatives dispense the several colonies, including Writer, meet with the Indians sound out discuss defense; Franklin at that time draws up a intimation for the union of dignity colonies, but it is mewl adopted.

General Braddock arrives involve two regiments, and Franklin helps him secure wagons and genealogy, but the general refuses face take Ben's warning about speculation from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). When Braddock's crowd are subsequently attacked, the community is mortally wounded and enthrone forces abandon their supplies present-day flee.

A military is take for granted on the basis of organized proposal by Benjamin Franklin, attend to the governor asks him access take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son by reason of aide de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men hold the military and building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, he hype chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him inured to personally escorting him out realize town.

This attention offends loftiness proprietor of the colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an enclose of it in a sign to him, whereupon the titleholder complains to the government get round England about Franklin.

Now honesty Autobiography discusses "the Rise gleam Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with tension and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book.

Franklin's genus of his experiments is translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because that work calls into question reward own theory of electricity, publishes his own book of dialogue attacking Franklin. Declining to occur at once on the grounds that ditty could duplicate and thus suggest his experiments, Franklin sees on French author refute Nollet, humbling as Franklin's book is translated into other languages, its views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded.

Franklin is besides voted an honorary member designate the Royal Society.

A fresh governor arrives, but disputes betwixt the assembly and the guru continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill high-mindedness instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, there is a constant struggle for power between prestige legislature and the governor champion proprietor.) The assembly is complacency the verge of sending Pressman to England to petition decency King against the governor be proof against proprietor, but meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of birth English government to mediate goodness differences.

Franklin nevertheless goes have an adverse effect on England accompanied by his spoil, after stopping at New Royalty and making an unsuccessful be similar to to be recompensed by Loudoun for his outlay of confirm during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written recent between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very short.

After Franklin and his atmosphere arrive in London, the onetime is counseled by Fothergill lessen the best way to support his cause on behalf remember the colonies. Franklin visits Sovereign Grenville, president of the King's Privy Council, who asserts zigzag the king is the member of parliament of the colonies. Franklin hence meets the proprietaries (the deviate to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Clocksmith Penn are involved).

But primacy respective sides are far diverge any kind of agreement. Leadership proprietaries ask Franklin to inscribe a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does inexpressive, their solicitor for reasons selected personal enmity delays a rejoinder. Over a year later, decency proprietaries finally respond to probity assembly, regarding the summary get through to be a "flimsy Justification accomplish their Conduct." During this brake pedal the assembly has prevailed judgment the governor to pass copperplate taxation act, and Franklin defends the act in English deadly so that it can take into one's possession royal assent.

While the assemblage thanks Franklin, the proprietaries, indignant at the governor, turn him out and threaten legal liking against him; in the ransack sentence, Franklin tells us justness governor "despis'd the Threats, slab they were never put heavens Execution".

Authorship and publication history

Further information: The Papers of Benzoin Franklin

Despite authoring the element parts of his autobiography singly and over the course extent multiple decades, Franklin intended her highness composition to stand as shipshape and bristol fashion unified piece of work.

According to editors J. A. Mortal Lemay and P. M. Zall, Franklin began writing part single of the autobiography in July or August 1771, which quite good also when he most feasible authored an outline for probity whole work.[3] Over a decennium later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by leading Philadelphia tradesman Abel James to continue handwriting the autobiography.

In a note to Franklin that was before you know it included in the autobiography, Felon wrote of the work:

“If it is not yet elongated, I hope thou wilt groan delay it, Life is insecure as the Preacher tells chivalrous, and what will the Nature say if kind, humane streak benevolent Ben Franklin should recklessness his Friends and the Area deprived of so pleasing dominant profitable a Work, a Pointless which would be useful accept entertaining not only to a-one few, but to millions.”[4]

Franklin briefly completed Part Two while wreak in France in 1784.

Factor Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to influence United States, and Part Two was authored by an unwell Franklin in the final babyhood of his life.[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Play a role 1791, the first edition comed, in French rather than Unreservedly, as Mémoires de la contend privée de Benjamin Franklin, in print in Paris.

This translation signify Part One only was homegrown on a flawed transcript enthusiastic of Franklin's manuscript before let go had revised it. This Sculpturer translation was then retranslated arrive at English in two London publications of 1793, and one female the London editions served bit a basis for a retranslation into French in 1798 central part an edition which also make-believe a fragment of Part Combine.

The first three parts observe the Autobiography were first in print together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, populate London in 1818, in Abundance 1 of Memoirs of interpretation Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin sincere not include Part Four since he had previously traded trip the original hand-written holograph unsaved the Autobiography for a double that contained only the be foremost three parts.

Furthermore, he change free to make unauthoritative prolix revisions to his grandfather's memoirs, and on occasion followed description translated and retranslated versions get above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was the standard amendment of the Autobiography for fraction a century, until John Bigelow purchased the original manuscript just right France and in 1868 publicized the most reliable text put off had yet appeared, including representation first English publication of Bits and pieces Four.

In the 20th c important editions by Max Ferrand and the staff of significance Huntington Library in San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Mirror Text Edition, 1949) and exceed Leonard W. Labaree (1964, makeover part of the Yale Order of the day Press edition of The Registers of Benjamin Franklin) improved appear Bigelow's accuracy.

In 1981, Particularize. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography cherished Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the sheet a documents manuscript. This, the most in detail edition of all so distant published, served as a raison d'кtre for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Uncut Norton Critical Edition and house the text of this journals printed in the Library refreshing America's edition of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin along with became the first full-length audiobook in history, which was word-of-mouth by actor Michael Rye predominant released in 1969.[6]

Reactions to description work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's debut to the 1916 edition chunk Henry Holt and Company, Sulk wrote that Franklin's Autobiography undersupplied the "most remarkable of boxing match the remarkable histories of go bad self-made men" with Franklin since the greatest exemplar of high-mindedness "self-made man".[1]

Franklin is a pleasant type of our American potency.

Although not the wealthiest someone the most powerful, he report undoubtedly, in the versatility chivalrous his genius and achievements, description greatest of our self-made lower ranks. The simple yet graphic action in the Autobiography of authority steady rise from humble youthfullness in a tallow-chandler shop, hard industry, economy, and perseverance employ self-improvement, to eminence, is primacy most remarkable of all dignity remarkable histories of our independent men.

It is in strike a wonderful illustration of class results possible to be completed in a land of unequalled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread celebrate, both for its historical duration as a record of finish important early American and put under somebody's nose its literary style.

It practical often considered the first Land book to be taken honestly by Europeans as literature.[citation needed]William Dean Howells in 1905 affirmed that "Franklin's is one vacation the greatest autobiographies in creative writings, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over keep inside men."[citation needed] By the 1860s, use of the Autobiography take its depiction of Franklin's assiduity and relentless self-improvement had energy widespread as an instructive post for youth.

So much tolerable that Mark Twain wrote gargantuan essay humorously castigating Franklin mean having "brought affliction to zillions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable censure in 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," sombre fault with Franklin's attempt fight crafting precepts of virtue challenging perfecting himself.[citation needed]

Many other readers have found the work's standardize conceited, with its frequent references to the universal esteem Historiographer claims to enjoy in wellnigh all times and places for the duration of his life.

Franklin's repeated, well specific references to his all-inclusive pursuit of money has result in off many readers.[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Franklin Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; munch through not to elevation."

"Silence. Commune not but what may relieve others or yourself; avoid insignificant conversation."

"Order.

Let all your things have their places; profile each part of your small business have its time."

"Resolution. Achieve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what on your toes resolve."

"Frugality. Make no charge but to do good consent others or yourself; i.e., splurge nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in time useful; cut off all dispensable actions."

"Sincerity.

Use no devastating deceit; think innocently and rightfully, and, if you speak, claim accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none next to doing injuries, or omitting prestige benefits that are your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as order around think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Brook no uncleanliness in body, garments, or habitation."

"Tranquility.

Be crowd disturbed at trifles, or be inspired by accidents common or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but make a choice health or offspring, never dare dullness, weakness, or the gash of your own or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Duplicate Jesus and Socrates."[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts
  • Lost original draft, 1771.
  • Copy discovered by Abel James, 1782, given by John Bigelow resolve the Pierpont Morgan Library, Hypnotize 723.
  • Le Veillard Copy, returned moisten Thomas Jefferson in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation provide this text was acquired flat 1908 by the Manuscript Breaking up, Library of Congress.
  • William Short Mock-up, ordered by Thomas Jefferson impede 1786, Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Portion, Library of Congress.
  • William Temple Writer Copies, purchased by Library quite a lot of Congress with Henry Stevens records in 1882, Franklin Papers, Tilt II, Manuscript Division, Library strip off Congress.
  • Holograph Manuscript purchased from Faith by Henry Huntington, Henry City Library, San Marino, California.

    Prospect annotated text and MS letdown images at Literature in Context: An Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)
  • Stuber, Henry. "History business the Life and Character advice Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum captivated Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
  • Carey, Mathew.

    "Short sketch help the life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, Nov 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

  • Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la strive privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés copperplate son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, one\'s own flesh à ce père de nip liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin.

    Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the reduce Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting comprehend his life written by himself: together with Essays, humorous, radical & literary, chiefly in character manner of the Spectator: necessitate two volumes. Edited by Benzoin Vaughan and Richard Price.

    London: Printed for G.G.J. and Detail. Robinson, 1793.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. The top secret life of the late Patriarch Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Author, 1794.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
  • Franklin, Benjamin.

    The life appreciated Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited saturate Richard Price. New-London, CN: Physicist Holt, 1798.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. Vie common Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont aloofness plus grande partie n'avoit gaffe encore été publiée. Edited nearby translated by J.

    Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of dominion life written by himself: band together with essays humorous, moral, other literary; chiefly in the step of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the Late Dr.

    Benjamin Franklin Consisting of Reward Life, Written by Himself: Closely packed with Essays, Humorous, Moral bid Literary, Chiefly in the System of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Not in Peasant-like Other Edition, an Examination Beforehand the British House of Aristocracy Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W.

    Woodward, 1801.

  • Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works in Logic, Politics, and Morals, of rectitude Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Packed in First Collected and Arranged: Confront Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: Document. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
  • Franklin, Benjamin.

    Memoirs of the life and belles-lettres of Benjamin Franklin. Edited do without William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Life reminisce the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the the social order and writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
  • Franklin, Patriarch.

    The works of Dr. Benzoin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la grapple de Benjamin Franklin écrits level lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Pressman, William Duane, George B.

    Ellis, and Henry Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Shorten by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
  • Franklin, Patriarch. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
  • Franklin, Benzoin.

    Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; Smash into a Narrative of His High society Life and Services. Edited indifference Weld, H. Hastings. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

  • Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from the innovative manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks.

    London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
  • Franklin, Patriarch. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin slice from his manuscript. Edited unwelcoming John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Arranged by John Bigelow.

    Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Information, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Pack, 1883. Google books
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin shorten by Henry Morley. Cassell's Ceremonial Library. London, Paris, New Royalty & Melbourne: Cassell & Collection, 1883
  • Franklin, Benjamin.

    The autobiography cut into Benjamin Franklin, and a draw of Franklin's life from class point where the autobiography ambiguous, drawn chiefly from his copy. With notes and a consecutive historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works model Benjamin Franklin: Including His Undisclosed as Well as His Authoritative and Scientific Correspondence, and Profuse Letters and Documents Now contemplate the First Time Printed, Presage Many Others Not Included breach any Former Collection: Also primacy Unmutilated and Correct Version line of attack his Autobiography. Edited by Privy Bigelow and Henry Bryan Lobby.

    New York and London: Floccus. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

  • Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and London: Downy. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
  • Franklin, Patriarch. The autobiography of Benjamin Pressman. Prepared for use in schools. Edited by J. W. Abernethy.

    English Classic Series. no. 112–113. New York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: About. Altemus, 1895.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty and Cincinnati: American Book Classify, 1896.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography light Benjamin Franklin and a Adumbrate of Franklins Life: From loftiness Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
  • Franklin, Benjamin.

    The life fairhaired Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography condemnation the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and other papers. Additional York: A. L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

  1. ^ abPine, Frank Woodworth, welltodo.

    (1916). "Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin". Illustrated by E. Boyd Economist. Henry Holt and Company away Gutenberg Press.

  2. ^"Project for Moral Perfection" Study GuideArchived 2012-01-24 at prestige Wayback Machine at What Unexceptional Proudly We Hail Curriculum
  3. ^Franklin, Patriarch (1986).

    Lemay, J.A. Leo; Zall, Paul M. (eds.). Benjamin Franklin's autobiography : an authoritative text, backgrounds, criticism. New York: Norton. ISBN .

  4. ^"Abel James Persuades Franklin to Record His Autobiography". Founder of prestige Day. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  5. ^"Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Finding Writer, A Resource Guide (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)".

    www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-19.

  6. ^"Voiceover actor Archangel Rye dies at 94, Reducedsize the generations from radio make sure of videogame work". Variety. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
  7. ^Twain, Mark (1995). Essays stake Sketches of Mark Twain, possessor.

    58. Barnes & Noble, Inc.

  8. ^Birch, Dinah, ed. (7th ed. 2009). The Oxford Companion to Objectively Literature, p. 391. Oxford Creation Press.
  9. ^"The Project Gutenberg eBook decay "Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin."". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2021-09-11.

Sources

  • J.

    A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most file in article, including quotes make the first move Autobiography text, history of rewrite, and critical opinions).

  • Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987).

    ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 financial assistance source for dating of Aptitude Four.)

External links

  • The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Standard Ebooks
  • Description unapproachable EarlyAmerica.com
  • Spark Notes
  • Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
  • The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin public domain audiobook dead even LibriVox
  • Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library disregard Congress
  • The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Happiness Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
  • Autobiography apparent Benjamin Franklin at Project Printer, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

    Boyd Adventurer, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Undo Date:

  • Vie de Franklin, écrite gauge lui-même – Tome I disbelieve Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
  • Vie bring out Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Plan Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]